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K. L. Goyal ¹, R. K. Verma ¹, S. Bhattacharya ¹, H. Joshi ¹

Affiliations
1 Kesheva Deva Malaviya Institute of Petroleum Exploration, Oil & Natural Gas Commission, Dehradun, IN

Abstract

Normally, oil comes out from the reservoir with its own energy. However, this primary production averages 30% of oil inplace. Various enhanced recovery methods are used to bring a substantial percentage of the remaining oil to surface. The paper describes the evaluation and experimental procedures for evaluating a surfactant system and the expected additional recoveries. It also describes the importance and the essential measurement of all physico-chemical parameters viz. interfacial tension optimal salinity, solubilisation, adsorption and the flood studies carried out in the laboratories using actual reservoir rock and oil add a techno-economic analysis of the process.

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Dc. Singhal ¹, Tn. Roy ², H. Joshi ¹, A. k. Seth ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee - 247 667 (Uttaranchal), IN
2 State Water Investigation & Development Department, (West Bengal), IN

Abstract

Sewage irrigation, without proper treatment can cause groundwater contamination and accumulation of heavy metals and toxic orgamcs in soils and water In Roorkee town of District Handwar (Uttaranchal) the major source of water supply is from groundwater resources for its populace and for industrial uses The ongoing practice of sewage irrigation of crops in the Sahar farms just upstream of Roorkee town seems to have a potential for polluting the shallow groundwater resources of the area through leachate transport from the sewage farms The present study indicates that there is some adverse impact of sewage irrigation on the groundwater quality in the upper aquifer in the vicinity of the waste disposal areas in and around Roorkee town warranting further detailed studies.

Keywords

Groundwater pollution, Sewage irrigation, Groundwater quality, Roorkee, Uttaranchal.

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